{"id":4792,"date":"2024-04-18T18:47:49","date_gmt":"2024-04-19T01:47:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/glossary\/alt-tech\/"},"modified":"2024-04-18T18:47:49","modified_gmt":"2024-04-19T01:47:49","slug":"alt-tech","status":"publish","type":"glossary","link":"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/alt-tech\/","title":{"rendered":"Alt-tech"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Alt-tech is a term that defines burgeoning technology platforms that rose to prominence in the 2010s, primarily due to <a class=\"glossaryLink\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/deplatformer\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">deplatforming<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink1-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink1\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> activities carried out by major tech conglomerates like <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/google\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Google<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink2-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink2\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/span>, <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/facebook\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Facebook<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink3-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink3\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[3]<\/a><\/sup><\/span>, and Twitter. These platforms provide an alternate avenue for those who oppose the control exerted by mainstream tech giants over online discussions. Alt-tech platforms have gained a substantial following, especially among right-wing factions, and are frequently linked to the unrestricted spread of far-right, nationalist, and extremist viewpoints. They act as a conduit for the propagation of conspiracy theories and extremist ideologies, and have been utilized for the mobilization and recruitment of far-right extremists. The emergence of these platforms has triggered numerous legal and financial responses, and has notably influenced online <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/discours\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>discourse<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink4-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink4\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[4]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> and conduct.<\/p>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnotes-block\"><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header\">Terms definitions<\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header-border\"><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def \" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink1\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">1. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink1-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/deplatformer\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">deplatforming<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Deplatforming is a contemporary method where certain individuals or entities are barred or eliminated from contributing to a public forum or social media platform, typically as a result of contentious or damaging conduct. This practice, which traces back to the prohibition of specific speakers from U.S. university campuses in the 1940s, has developed with the rise of social media. Presently, platforms like Reddit, Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter utilize deplatforming to regulate content and curb the proliferation of extremism. High-profile cases, including the bans of personalities like Alex Jones and Donald Trump, have spotlighted its influence and sparked discussions around free speech, political impartiality, and the authority of tech corporations. Laws addressing deplatforming are being examined in numerous countries, including the United Kingdom and the United States. Nevertheless, the practice is contentious, with detractors voicing concerns about its implications on academic freedom and user rights. Despite these debates, deplatforming remains an important instrument in the digital era for managing content and directing online conversation. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def \" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink2\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">2. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink2-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/google\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">Google<\/a> ( Google ) <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Primarily acknowledged for its search engine, Google is a universally esteemed technology corporation. The company, established in 1998 by Sergey Brin and Larry Page, has expanded significantly, branching out into numerous tech-related fields. Google offers a wide array of services and products, encompassing Android, YouTube, Cloud, Maps, and Gmail. It also manufactures hardware like Chromebooks and Pixel smartphones. Since 2015, Google has been a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc. and is celebrated for its inventive spirit and workplace environment that promotes employees' personal projects. Despite confronting several ethical and legal challenges, Google continues to influence the tech sector with its groundbreaking innovations and technological progress, including the creation of Android OS and the purchase of companies specializing in AI. <\/span><\/div><button class=\"cmtt-footnote-showmore-btn\">Show more<\/button><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink3\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">3. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink3-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/facebook\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">Facebook<\/a> ( Facebook ) <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Meta Platforms, previously known as Facebook, is a prominent internet corporation that originated as a social networking site. The brainchild of Mark Zuckerberg in 2004, Meta Platforms swiftly spread from Harvard to other educational institutions, eventually reaching the wider public and becoming a global sensation. Its appealing user interface and diverse features such as Groups, the Developer Platform, and Meta Platforms Dating are well-known. Despite encountering backlash over matters like privacy violations and the proliferation of misinformation, Meta Platforms continues to hold a strong position in the digital sphere. It has made remarkable progress in the realm of technology, including the creation of its distinctive data storage system, the employment of PHP for its platform, and the introduction of the Hack programming language. In the past few years, the company has pivoted its attention towards the metaverse, a virtual reality domain where users can engage with a digitally-created environment. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink4\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">4. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink4-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/discours\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">discourse<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> The primary focus of this piece, discourse, is a concept prevalent in social sciences that pertains to formal dialogues or debates centered around a specific subject. It includes the language used, discussions held, and written documents that contribute to our comprehension of societal constructs. Discourse has a profound connection with power dynamics and is instrumental in molding our reality. Numerous theoretical perspectives such as modernism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and Foucault's discourse theory provide insights into discourse. Various forms of discourse analysis like critical, conversation, and Foucauldian discourse analysis aid in deciphering communication trends and societal frameworks. Discourse study is extensively applicable in diverse fields like sociology, environmental policy, and cultural studies, and has deep-seated effects on gendered discourses and societal standards. Esteemed scholars such as James P. Gee, Robert Stalnaker, and Peter Pagin have made significant contributions to the analysis of discourse. Research on discourse is of utmost importance in social sciences as it enhances our knowledge of language, identity, and power hierarchies. <\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-bottom-border\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alt-tech is a term that defines burgeoning technology platforms that rose to prominence in the 2010s, primarily due to deplatforming activities carried out by major tech conglomerates like Google, Facebook, and Twitter. These platforms provide an alternate avenue for those who oppose the control exerted by mainstream tech giants over online discussions. Alt-tech platforms have [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnotes-block\">\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header\">Terms definitions<\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header-border\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def \" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink1\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">1. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink1-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &uarr; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/deplatformer\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">deplatforming<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Deplatforming is a contemporary method where certain individuals or entities are barred or eliminated from contributing to a public forum or social media platform, typically as a result of contentious or damaging conduct. This practice, which traces back to the prohibition of specific speakers from U.S. university campuses in the 1940s, has developed with the rise of social media. Presently, platforms like Reddit, Facebook, <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/instagram\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Instagram<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink6-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink6\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[6]<\/a><\/sup><\/span>, and Twitter utilize deplatforming to regulate content and curb the proliferation of extremism. High-profile cases, including the bans of personalities like Alex Jones and Donald Trump, have spotlighted its influence and sparked discussions around free speech, political impartiality, and the authority of tech corporations. Laws addressing deplatforming are being examined in numerous countries, including the United Kingdom and the United States. Nevertheless, the practice is contentious, with detractors voicing concerns about its implications on academic freedom and user rights. Despite these debates, deplatforming remains an important instrument in the digital era for managing content and directing online conversation. <\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def \" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink2\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">2. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink2-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &uarr; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/google\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">Google<\/a> ( Google ) <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Primarily acknowledged for its search engine, Google is a universally esteemed technology corporation. The company, established in 1998 by Sergey Brin and Larry Page, has expanded significantly, branching out into numerous tech-related fields. Google offers a wide array of services and products, encompassing Android, YouTube, Cloud, Maps, and <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/gmail\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>Gmail<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink7-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink7\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[7]<\/a><\/sup><\/span>. It also manufactures hardware like Chromebooks and Pixel smartphones. Since 2015, Google has been a subsidiary of <a class=\"glossaryLink\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/alphabet-inc\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-mobile-support=\"0\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Alphabet Inc.<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink5-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink5\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[5]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> and is celebrated for its inventive spirit and workplace environment that promotes employees&rsquo; personal projects. Despite confronting several ethical and legal challenges, Google continues to influence the tech sector with its groundbreaking innovations and technological progress, including the creation of Android OS and the purchase of companies specializing in AI. <\/span><\/div>\n<p><button class=\"cmtt-footnote-showmore-btn\">Show more<\/button><\/p>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink3\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">3. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink3-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &uarr; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/facebook\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">Facebook<\/a> ( Facebook ) <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Meta Platforms, previously known as Facebook, is a prominent <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/internet\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>internet<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink8-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink8\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[8]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> corporation that originated as a social networking site. The brainchild of Mark Zuckerberg in 2004, Meta Platforms swiftly spread from Harvard to other educational institutions, eventually reaching the wider public and becoming a global sensation. Its appealing user interface and diverse features such as Groups, the Developer Platform, and Meta Platforms Dating are well-known. Despite encountering backlash over matters like privacy violations and the proliferation of misinformation, Meta Platforms continues to hold a strong position in the digital sphere. It has made remarkable progress in the realm of technology, including the creation of its distinctive data storage system, the <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/lemploi\/\"  target=\"_blank\"  data-mobile-support=\"0\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>employment<\/a><span id=\"cmttFootnoteLink9-0\" class=\"cmtt-footnote\"><sup><a class=\"et_smooth_scroll_disabled cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-deflink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink9\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\">[9]<\/a><\/sup><\/span> of PHP for its platform, and the introduction of the Hack programming language. In the past few years, the company has pivoted its attention towards the metaverse, a virtual reality domain where users can engage with a digitally-created environment. <\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink4\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">4. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink4-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &uarr; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/discours\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">discourse<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> The primary focus of this piece, discourse, is a concept prevalent in social sciences that pertains to formal dialogues or debates centered around a specific subject. It includes the language used, discussions held, and written documents that contribute to our comprehension of societal constructs. Discourse has a profound connection with power dynamics and is instrumental in molding our reality. Numerous theoretical perspectives such as modernism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and Foucault&rsquo;s discourse theory provide insights into discourse. Various forms of discourse analysis like critical, conversation, and Foucauldian discourse analysis aid in deciphering communication trends and societal frameworks. Discourse study is extensively applicable in diverse fields like sociology, environmental policy, and cultural studies, and has deep-seated effects on gendered discourses and societal standards. Esteemed scholars such as James P. Gee, Robert Stalnaker, and Peter Pagin have made significant contributions to the analysis of discourse. Research on discourse is of utmost importance in social sciences as it enhances our knowledge of language, identity, and power hierarchies. <\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnote-bottom-border\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"cmtt-footnotes-block\"><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header\">Terms definitions<\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-header-border\"><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def \" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink1\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">1. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink1-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/deplatformer\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">deplatforming<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Deplatforming is a contemporary method where certain individuals or entities are barred or eliminated from contributing to a public forum or social media platform, typically as a result of contentious or damaging conduct. This practice, which traces back to the prohibition of specific speakers from U.S. university campuses in the 1940s, has developed with the rise of social media. Presently, platforms like Reddit, Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter utilize deplatforming to regulate content and curb the proliferation of extremism. High-profile cases, including the bans of personalities like Alex Jones and Donald Trump, have spotlighted its influence and sparked discussions around free speech, political impartiality, and the authority of tech corporations. Laws addressing deplatforming are being examined in numerous countries, including the United Kingdom and the United States. Nevertheless, the practice is contentious, with detractors voicing concerns about its implications on academic freedom and user rights. Despite these debates, deplatforming remains an important instrument in the digital era for managing content and directing online conversation. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def \" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink2\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">2. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink2-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/google\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">Google<\/a> ( Google ) <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Primarily acknowledged for its search engine, Google is a universally esteemed technology corporation. The company, established in 1998 by Sergey Brin and Larry Page, has expanded significantly, branching out into numerous tech-related fields. Google offers a wide array of services and products, encompassing Android, YouTube, Cloud, Maps, and Gmail. It also manufactures hardware like Chromebooks and Pixel smartphones. Since 2015, Google has been a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc. and is celebrated for its inventive spirit and workplace environment that promotes employees' personal projects. Despite confronting several ethical and legal challenges, Google continues to influence the tech sector with its groundbreaking innovations and technological progress, including the creation of Android OS and the purchase of companies specializing in AI. <\/span><\/div><button class=\"cmtt-footnote-showmore-btn\">Show more<\/button><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink3\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">3. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink3-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/facebook\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">Facebook<\/a> ( Facebook ) <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Meta Platforms, previously known as Facebook, is a prominent internet corporation that originated as a social networking site. The brainchild of Mark Zuckerberg in 2004, Meta Platforms swiftly spread from Harvard to other educational institutions, eventually reaching the wider public and becoming a global sensation. Its appealing user interface and diverse features such as Groups, the Developer Platform, and Meta Platforms Dating are well-known. Despite encountering backlash over matters like privacy violations and the proliferation of misinformation, Meta Platforms continues to hold a strong position in the digital sphere. It has made remarkable progress in the realm of technology, including the creation of its distinctive data storage system, the employment of PHP for its platform, and the introduction of the Hack programming language. In the past few years, the company has pivoted its attention towards the metaverse, a virtual reality domain where users can engage with a digitally-created environment. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink4\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">4. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink4-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/discours\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">discourse<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> The primary focus of this piece, discourse, is a concept prevalent in social sciences that pertains to formal dialogues or debates centered around a specific subject. It includes the language used, discussions held, and written documents that contribute to our comprehension of societal constructs. Discourse has a profound connection with power dynamics and is instrumental in molding our reality. Numerous theoretical perspectives such as modernism, structuralism, poststructuralism, and Foucault's discourse theory provide insights into discourse. Various forms of discourse analysis like critical, conversation, and Foucauldian discourse analysis aid in deciphering communication trends and societal frameworks. Discourse study is extensively applicable in diverse fields like sociology, environmental policy, and cultural studies, and has deep-seated effects on gendered discourses and societal standards. Esteemed scholars such as James P. Gee, Robert Stalnaker, and Peter Pagin have made significant contributions to the analysis of discourse. Research on discourse is of utmost importance in social sciences as it enhances our knowledge of language, identity, and power hierarchies. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink5\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">5. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink5-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/alphabet-inc\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">Alphabet Inc.<\/a> ( Alphabet Inc. ) <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Established on October 2, 2015, Alphabet Inc. is a multinational conglomerate birthed from a strategic restructuring of Google. Known as one of the Big Five American IT firms, Alphabet stands as the parent company to Google and multiple former Google offshoots. The formation of Alphabet was intended to streamline Google's primary business functions, enhancing efficiency and transparency. Alphabet's headquarters are situated at Google's original Hamburg street location, which influenced the 'Alphabet' name. Sundar Pichai, Google's CEO, stepped into his role amidst this restructuring, and in 2022, Alphabet executed a stock split. The company's revenue streams and investments are broad-ranging, deriving considerable income from advertising and investments in both startups and well-established companies. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink6\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">6. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink6-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/instagram\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">Instagram<\/a> ( Instagram ) <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Instagram, a renowned social media platform, was initially launched in 2010 by innovators Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger. It originated as a check-in app known as Burbn, but later transitioned into a photo-sharing application, hence the name Instagram. The platform is globally acclaimed for its ability to share photos and videos, augmented by features such as hashtags, stories, and private messaging. Over the years, Instagram has seen substantial growth and transformation, broadening its reach to various operating systems and consistently integrating new tools and features. These additions encompass IGTV, Reels, and improvements to live streaming, all aimed at enriching the user experience. Instagram also prioritizes user safety, enforcing child protection policies and privacy safeguards. It has emerged as a crucial component in digital marketing, with advertising campaigns and influencer collaboration tactics. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink7\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">7. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink7-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/gmail\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">Gmail<\/a> ( Gmail ) <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Developed by Google, Gmail is a robust email service that offers advanced features, ample storage, and stringent security. Initially launched with 1GB storage in 2004, it expanded to a combined 15GB with Google Drive in 2012, with further expansion up to 2TB available via Google One. Gmail accommodates sending attachments of up to 25MB and receiving up to 50MB, with larger files supported through Google Drive integration. The service is designed with a minimalist, search-oriented focus, featuring conversation threading, labels, and filters. Over the years, Gmail's interface has seen several updates, introducing features like Confidential mode, two-factor authentication, and intelligent features such as Smart Compose and Smart Reply. It employs robust encryption and machine learning-based anti-phishing technologies, complemented by two-step verification for increased account security. Gmail is compatible with contemporary web browsers and offers native apps for iOS and Android. Its integration with various Google products and support for 72 languages makes it a highly versatile communication platform. With regular mobile updates and ongoing security monitoring, Gmail ensures a secure and user-friendly experience. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink8\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">8. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink8-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/internet\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">internet<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> The Internet, a global network of interconnected computer systems, utilizes standardized communication protocols, predominantly TCP\/IP, to connect devices across the globe. The term 'Internet' has its roots in the 1849 term 'internetted' and was later adopted by the US War Department in 1945. The inception of the Internet can be traced back to the 1960s when computer scientists developed time-sharing systems, which eventually led to the creation of ARPANET in 1969. The Internet operates autonomously, without any central control, and the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) manages its primary name spaces. It has revolutionized traditional communication methods and has seen an exponential growth, with the number of internet users growing by 20% to 50% every year. In 2019, more than half of the global population was using the Internet. The Internet protocol suite, comprising TCP\/IP and four conceptual layers, directs internet packets to their intended destinations. Fundamental services such as email and Internet telephony function on the Internet. The World Wide Web, an extensive network of interconnected documents, serves as a crucial element of the Internet. <\/span><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-def hidden\" id=\"cmttFootnoteLink9\"><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-number\">9. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-back\"><a class=\"cmtt_footnote_link cmtt-footnote-backlink\" href=\"#cmttFootnoteLink9-0\" style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #325afb; font-style : none ;\"> &#8593; <\/a><\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-key\"> <a aria-describedby=\"tt\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/glossary\/lemploi\/\" class=\"glossaryLink\" target=\"_blank\">employment<\/a>. <\/span><span class=\"cmtt-footnote-def-content\"> Employment, a key socioeconomic concept, signifies a worker offering their skills and labor to an employer in exchange for compensation. This association is typically characterized by a contract, stipulating the duties and anticipations of both entities. The configuration of this relationship, including the employer's degree of authority over a worker, can notably influence productivity and job contentment. Moreover, employment is regulated by numerous laws and regulations that vary across nations. These laws may oversee elements ranging from contract formats to salary norms. The quest for employment can also trigger certain societal challenges, like age bias and wage disparity. In essence, employment is a multifaceted relationship that includes elements of law, economics, and social policy. It's also worth highlighting that there are alternatives to conventional employment, such as self-employment or continuing education. <\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"cmtt-footnote-bottom-border\"><\/div>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"glossary-categories":[],"glossary-tags":[],"glossary-languages":[],"class_list":["post-4792","glossary","type-glossary","status-publish","hentry"],"post_title":"Alt-tech","post_content":"Alt-tech is a term that defines burgeoning technology platforms that rose to prominence in the 2010s, primarily due to deplatforming activities carried out by major tech conglomerates like Google, Facebook, and Twitter. These platforms provide an alternate avenue for those who oppose the control exerted by mainstream tech giants over online discussions. Alt-tech platforms have gained a substantial following, especially among right-wing factions, and are frequently linked to the unrestricted spread of far-right, nationalist, and extremist viewpoints. They act as a conduit for the propagation of conspiracy theories and extremist ideologies, and have been utilized for the mobilization and recruitment of far-right extremists. The emergence of these platforms has triggered numerous legal and financial responses, and has notably influenced online discourse and conduct.","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/4792","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/glossary"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary\/4792\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4792"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"glossary-categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary-categories?post=4792"},{"taxonomy":"glossary-tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary-tags?post=4792"},{"taxonomy":"glossary-languages","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.sociamonials.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/glossary-languages?post=4792"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}