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Guerra de información

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Information warfare, a sophisticated and continually evolving discipline, revolves around the strategic manipulation of reliable information to compromise an adversary’s interests. This comprehensive field ranges from the gathering of tactical intelligence to the dissemination of propaganda, heavily leveraging technological progress. The U.S. Air Force’s Information Warfare Squadrons and similar entities frequently employ information warfare, which is intrinsically tied to psychological warfare. The advent of the internet[1] and other digital mediums has added a fresh layer to this type of warfare, incorporating cyberattacks and autonomous robots. The repercussions of information warfare extend past the military realm, unsettling national security and provoking ethical and legal debates. This area necessitates international collaboration and regulation to effectively navigate its complexities.

Definición de términos
1. internet. Internet, una red mundial de sistemas informáticos interconectados, utiliza protocolos de comunicación estandarizados, predominantemente TCP/IP, para conectar dispositivos en todo el planeta. El término "Internet" tiene su origen en el término "internetted" de 1849 y fue adoptado posteriormente por el Departamento de Guerra de EE.UU. en 1945. Los inicios de Internet se remontan a los años 60, cuando los informáticos desarrollaron sistemas de tiempo compartido que acabaron desembocando en la creación de ARPANET en 1969. Internet funciona de forma autónoma, sin ningún control central, y la Corporación de Internet para la Asignación de Nombres y Números (ICANN) gestiona sus principales espacios de nombres. Ha revolucionado los métodos tradicionales de comunicación y ha experimentado un crecimiento exponencial, con un número de usuarios de Internet que crece entre 20% y 50% cada año. En 2019, más de la mitad de la población mundial utilizaba Internet. El conjunto de protocolos de Internet, que comprende TCP/IP y cuatro capas conceptuales, dirige los paquetes de Internet a sus destinos previstos. Servicios fundamentales como el correo electrónico y la telefonía por Internet funcionan en Internet. La World Wide Web, una extensa red de documentos interconectados, es un elemento crucial de Internet.

Guerra de información (IW) is the battlespace use and management of information and communication technology (ICT) in pursuit of a competitive advantage over an opponent. It is different from cyberwarfare that attacks computers, software, and command control systems. Information warfare is the manipulation of information trusted by a target without the target's awareness so that the target will make decisions against their interest but in the interest of the one conducting information warfare. As a result, it is not clear when information warfare begins, ends, and how strong or destructive it is.

A collage of various elements of information warfare from the first quarter of the 21st century. Clockwise from top left: Russian President Vladimir Putin at a Russian Armed Forces military exercise (2015); a United States Army soldier during virtual training (2009); United States Department of State spokesperson Jen Psaki addressing death threats against the U.S. ambassador to Japan (2015); the Brandenburg Gate with the flag of France overlaid following the November 2015 Paris attacks (2015); Anonymous hacktivists protesting Scientology (2008); pamphlets distributed at the 2011 Egyptian revolution y el Revolution of Dignity that are inexplicably identical (2011; 2014)

Information warfare may involve the collection of tactical information, assurance(s) that one's information is valid, spreading of propaganda o desinformación a demoralize o manipulate the enemy and the public, undermining the quality of the opposing force's information, and denial of information-collection opportunities to opposing forces. Information warfare is closely linked to psychological warfare.

En United States Armed Forces' use of the term favors technology and hence tends to extend into the realms of electronic warfare, cyberwarfare, information assurance and computer network operations, attack, and defense. Other militaries use the much broader term information operations which, although making use of technology, focuses on the more human-related aspects of information use, including (amongst many others) social network analysis, decision analysis, and the human aspects of command and control.

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