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El arte de la manipulación de multitudes consiste en la aplicación estratégica de técnicas para alterar el comportamiento o las percepciones de un grupo colectivo. Esta práctica, profundamente arraigada en nuestro pasado ancestral, se basa en la capitalización de intereses o situaciones compartidos para influir en las acciones o creencias. Aristóteles, Quintiliano, Edward Bernays y Gustave Le Bon han contribuido a la evolución de estos métodos. La noción de manipulación de multitudes no conlleva exclusivamente una implicación negativa; puede utilizarse con objetivos tanto ventajosos como perjudiciales en diversos campos como los negocios, la política y la religión. Comprender la psicología de las multitudes, incluyendo la variedad y las distintas fases de su comportamiento, es vital para ejecutar estrategias de manipulación con éxito. Los casos de manipulación de multitudes son visibles en numerosos ámbitos, como los mítines políticos, las campañas publicitarias e incluso las reuniones públicas coordinadas, como los flash mobs. publicidad[1] campañas, e incluso reuniones públicas coordinadas como flash mobs.
Este artículo necesita citas adicionales para verificación. (Marzo de 2023) |
Manipulación de multitudes es el uso intencionado o no de técnicas basadas en los principios de la psicología de masas captar, controlar o influir en los deseos de un multitud para dirigir su comportamiento hacia una acción específica. Esta práctica es común a religión, política y empresa y puede facilitar la aprobación o desaprobación o la indiferencia hacia una persona, una política o un producto. La ética de la manipulación de multitudes suele cuestionarse.
La manipulación de multitudes difiere de propaganda-aunque pueden reforzarse mutuamente para producir un resultado deseado. Si la propaganda es "el esfuerzo constante y duradero de crear o dar forma a acontecimientos para influir en las relaciones del público con una empresa, idea o grupo", la manipulación de multitudes es la llamada relativamente breve a la acción una vez que se han sembrado las semillas de la propaganda (es decir, más concretamente, la "pre-propaganda") y el público se ha organizado en una multitud. El propagandista apela a las masas, aunque estén compartimentadas, mientras que el manipulador de multitudes apela a un segmento de las masas reunidas en una multitud (como una manifestación política o un congregación o un reunión de campamento) en tiempo real. Sin embargo, en situaciones como una emergencia nacional, un manipulador de multitudes puede aprovechar medios de comunicación dirigirse a las masas en tiempo real como si hablara a una multitud.[necesito presupuesto para verificar]
La manipulación de multitudes difiere de control de multitudesque cumple una función de seguridad. Las autoridades locales utilizan métodos antidisturbios para contener y dispersar a las multitudes y para prevenir y responder a actos rebeldes e ilícitos tales como disturbios y saqueo.