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Un courriel[2] address, serving as a distinct marker for an individual’s electronic mail account, adheres to a specific format: local-part@domain. The local-part, not exceeding 64 octets, denotes the specific mailbox, and the domain, limited to 255 octets, points to the mail server. These email addresses are indispensable for correspondence through PCs, mobile devices, or webmail platforms, and frequently serve as user verification on websites. Yet, the correct format doesn’t necessarily confirm existence. Methods like callback verification are utilized to validate the existence of mailboxes. Emails are relayed via the Internet[3] utilizing the SMTP protocol as defined in RFC5321 and 5322, with the SMTP client employing the nom de domaine[1] to locate the mail exchange IP address. Moreover, the IETF has made strides to internationalize email addresses, allowing non-ASCII characters. The email address’s domain must comply with stringent rules, including a character limit of 63 and the incorporation of letters, digits, and hyphens.
Un adresse électronique identifies an courriel box to which messages are delivered. While early messaging systems used a variety of formats for addressing, today, email addresses follow a set of specific rules originally standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in the 1980s, and updated byRFC 5322 et 6854. The term email address in this article refers to just the addr-spec in Section 3.4 of RFC 5322. The RFC defines address more broadly as either a mailbox ou group. A mailbox value can be either a name-addr, which contains a display-name et addr-spec, or the more common addr-spec alone.
An email address, such as john.smith@example.com, is made up from a local-part, the symbol @, and a domain, which may be a nom de domaine ou un Adresse IP enclosed in brackets. Although the standard requires the local-part to be case-sensitive, it also urges that receiving hosts deliver messages in a case-independent manner, e.g., that the mail system in the domain example.com treat John.Smith as equivalent to john.smith; some mail systems even treat them as equivalent to johnsmith. Mail systems often limit the users' choice of name to a subset of the technically permitted characters.
With the introduction of internationalized domain names, efforts are progressing to permit non-ASCII characters in email addresses.