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Guerre de l'information

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Information warfare, a sophisticated and continually evolving discipline, revolves around the strategic manipulation of reliable information to compromise an adversary’s interests. This comprehensive field ranges from the gathering of tactical intelligence to the dissemination of propaganda, heavily leveraging technological progress. The U.S. Air Force’s Information Warfare Squadrons and similar entities frequently employ information warfare, which is intrinsically tied to psychological warfare. The advent of the Internet[1] and other digital mediums has added a fresh layer to this type of warfare, incorporating cyberattacks and autonomous robots. The repercussions of information warfare extend past the military realm, unsettling national security and provoking ethical and legal debates. This area necessitates international collaboration and regulation to effectively navigate its complexities.

Définitions des termes
1. Internet. L'internet, réseau mondial de systèmes informatiques interconnectés, utilise des protocoles de communication normalisés, principalement TCP/IP, pour connecter des appareils à travers le monde. Le terme "Internet" trouve son origine dans le terme "internetted" de 1849 et a été adopté par le ministère américain de la guerre en 1945. L'origine de l'internet remonte aux années 1960, lorsque des informaticiens ont mis au point des systèmes de partage du temps, qui ont finalement abouti à la création d'ARPANET en 1969. L'internet fonctionne de manière autonome, sans aucun contrôle central, et l'Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) gère ses espaces de noms primaires. Il a révolutionné les méthodes de communication traditionnelles et a connu une croissance exponentielle, le nombre d'internautes augmentant de 20% à 50% chaque année. En 2019, plus de la moitié de la population mondiale utilisait l'internet. La suite de protocoles internet, qui comprend le protocole TCP/IP et quatre couches conceptuelles, dirige les paquets internet vers leur destination. Des services fondamentaux tels que le courrier électronique et la téléphonie par internet fonctionnent sur l'internet. Le World Wide Web, un vaste réseau de documents interconnectés, est un élément essentiel de l'internet.

Guerre de l'information (IW) est le battlespace use and management of information and communication technology (ICT) in pursuit of a competitive advantage over an opponent. It is different from cyberwarfare that attacks computers, software, and command control systems. Information warfare is the manipulation of information trusted by a target without the target's awareness so that the target will make decisions against their interest but in the interest of the one conducting information warfare. As a result, it is not clear when information warfare begins, ends, and how strong or destructive it is.

A collage of various elements of information warfare from the first quarter of the 21st century. Clockwise from top left: Russian President Vladimir Poutine at a Russian Armed Forces military exercise (2015); a United States Army soldier during virtual training (2009); United States Department of State spokesperson Jen Psaki addressing death threats against the U.S. ambassador to Japan (2015); the Brandenburg Gate with the flag of France overlaid following the November 2015 Paris attacks (2015); Anonymous hacktivists protesting Scientology (2008); pamphlets distributed at the 2011 Egyptian revolution et le Revolution of Dignity that are inexplicably identical (2011; 2014)

Information warfare may involve the collection of tactical information, assurance(s) that one's information is valid, spreading of propagande ou désinformation à demoralize ou manipulate the enemy and the public, undermining the quality of the opposing force's information, and denial of information-collection opportunities to opposing forces. Information warfare is closely linked to psychological warfare.

Les United States Armed Forces' use of the term favors technology and hence tends to extend into the realms of electronic warfare, cyberwarfare, information assurance and computer network operations, attack, and defense. Other militaries use the much broader term information operations which, although making use of technology, focuses on the more human-related aspects of information use, including (amongst many others) social network analysis, decision analysis, and the human aspects of command and control.

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