Les Nom de domaine[1] (DNS) est un élément essentiel du système d'information de l'entreprise. Internet[2]Il sert d'interprète entre les noms d'hôte conviviaux et les adresses IP numériques. Il sert d'interprète entre les noms d'hôtes conviviaux et les adresses IP numériques, facilitant ainsi un accès rapide et efficace aux sites web et aux services numériques. Le DNS, qui était à l'origine un simple système de mappage à l'époque de l'ARPANET, a évolué pour devenir une structure hiérarchique sophistiquée indispensable aux services en nuage et aux réseaux de diffusion de contenu. Des protocoles tels que UDP et TCP sont utilisés par le DNS pour garantir des connexions fiables, sécurisées et privées. Il maintient également une variété de types d'enregistrements, y compris SOA, A, AAAA, MX, NS, PTR et CNAME, traditionnellement hébergés dans un fichier de zone. Ces enregistrements sont essentiels au fonctionnement des services Internet distribués. Le DNS améliore l'expérience de l'utilisateur en attribuant des serveurs proches pour des réponses plus rapides. Sa structure reflète la responsabilité administrative de l'internet, avec des zones autonomes déléguées à des gestionnaires pour chaque sous-domaine.
Les Système de noms de domaine (DNS) is a hierarchical and distributed naming system for ordinateurs, services, and other resources in the Internet or other Protocole Internet (IP) networks. It associates various information with domain names (identification strings) assigned to each of the associated entities. Most prominently, it translates readily memorized domain names to the numerical Adresses IP needed for locating and identifying computer services and devices with the underlying network protocols. The Domain Name System has been an essential component of the functionality of the Internet since 1985.
The Domain Name System delegates the responsibility of assigning domain names and mapping those names to Internet resources by designating authoritative name servers for each domain. Network administrators may delegate authority over subdomains of their allocated name space to other name servers. This mechanism provides distributed and fault-tolerant service and was designed to avoid a single large central database. In addition, the DNS specifies the technical functionality of the base de données service that is at its core. It defines the DNS protocol, a detailed specification of the data structures and data communication exchanges used in the DNS, as part of the Suite de protocoles Internet.
The Internet maintains two principal namespaces, the domain name hierarchy and the IP address spaces. The Domain Name System maintains the domain name hierarchy and provides translation services between it and the address spaces. Internet name servers and a protocole de communication implement the Domain Name System. A DNS name server is a server that stores the DNS records for a domain; a DNS name server responds with answers to queries against its database.
The most common types of records stored in the DNS database are for start of authority (SOA), IP addresses (A et AAAA), SMTP mail exchangers (MX), name servers (NS), pointers for reverse DNS lookups (PTR), and domain name aliases (CNAME). Although not intended to be a general purpose database, DNS has been expanded over time to store records for other types of data for either automatic lookups, such as DNSSEC records, or for human queries such as responsible person (RP) records. As a general purpose database, the DNS has also been used in combating unsolicited email (spam) by storing a real-time blackhole list (RBL). The DNS database is traditionally stored in a structured text file, the zone file, but other database systems are common.
The Domain Name System originally used the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) as transport over IP. Reliability, security, and privacy concerns spawned the use of the Protocole de contrôle de transmission (TCP) as well as numerous other protocol developments.
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