HTML, standing for HyperText Markup Language, is the bedrock of the modern internet[1]. It was first introduced by Tim Berners-Lee in the 1980s and has seen numerous transformations and enhancements over the years. HTML is crucial for organizing web content, encompassing everything from the text we peruse to the multimedia we engage with. Different editions of HTML, including HTML 2.0, HTML 3.2, and HTML 4.0, have been released throughout the years, each one improving and broadening the scope of its predecessor. The latest version, HTML5, was standardized in 2014 and brought with it a plethora of new features such as support for video and audio, local storage options, and additional semantic elements. HTML is also vital for SEO (Search Engine Optimization) and digital accessibility.
HyperText Markup Language or HTML is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. It defines the content and structure of web content. It is often assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScript.
 The official logo of the latest version, HTML5 | |
| Filename extension |
|
|---|---|
| Internet media type |
text/html |
| Type code | TEXT |
| Uniform Type Identifier (UTI) | public.html |
| Developed by |
|
| Initial release | 1993 |
| Latest release | |
| Type of format | Document file format |
| Container for | HTML elements |
| Contained by | Web browser |
| Extended from | SGML |
| Extended to | XHTML |
| Open format? | Yes |
| Website | html |
Web browsers receive HTML documents from a web server or from local storage and render the documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a web page semantically and originally included cues for its appearance.
HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML constructs, images and other objects such as interactive forms may be embedded into the rendered page. HTML provides a means to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, links, quotes, and other items. HTML elements are delineated by tags, written using angle brackets. Tags such as <img> and <input> directly introduce content into the page. Other tags such as <p> and </p> surround and provide information about document text and may include sub-element tags. Browsers do not display the HTML tags but use them to interpret the content of the page.
HTML can embed programs written in a scripting language such as JavaScript, which affects the behavior and content of web pages. The inclusion of CSS defines the look and layout of content. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), former maintainer of the HTML and current maintainer of the CSS standards, has encouraged the use of CSS over explicit presentational HTML since 1997.[update] A form of HTML, known as HTML5, is used to display video and audio, primarily using the <canvas> element, together with JavaScript.
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