En Nombre de dominio[1] System (DNS) es un componente esencial del internet[2]. Actúa como intérprete entre nombres de host fáciles de usar y direcciones IP numéricas, facilitando un acceso rápido y eficiente a sitios web y servicios digitales. El DNS, que se originó como un sencillo sistema de mapeo durante la era ARPANET, ha evolucionado hasta convertirse en una sofisticada estructura jerárquica indispensable para los servicios en la nube y las redes de distribución de contenidos. El DNS utiliza protocolos como UDP y TCP para garantizar conexiones fiables, seguras y privadas. También mantiene una variedad de tipos de registros, incluidos SOA, A, AAAA, MX, NS, PTR y CNAME, tradicionalmente alojados en un archivo de zona. Estos registros son vitales para el funcionamiento de los servicios distribuidos de Internet. El DNS mejora la experiencia del usuario asignando servidores cercanos para obtener respuestas más rápidas. Su estructura refleja la responsabilidad administrativa de Internet, con zonas autónomas delegadas a gestores para cada subdominio.
En Sistema de nombres de dominio (DNS) is a hierarchical and distributed naming system for ordenadores, services, and other resources in the Internet or other Protocolo de Internet (IP) networks. It associates various information with domain names (identification strings) assigned to each of the associated entities. Most prominently, it translates readily memorized domain names to the numerical IP addresses needed for locating and identifying computer services and devices with the underlying network protocols. The Domain Name System has been an essential component of the functionality of the Internet since 1985.
The Domain Name System delegates the responsibility of assigning domain names and mapping those names to Internet resources by designating authoritative name servers for each domain. Network administrators may delegate authority over subdomains of their allocated name space to other name servers. This mechanism provides distributed and fault-tolerant service and was designed to avoid a single large central database. In addition, the DNS specifies the technical functionality of the base de datos service that is at its core. It defines the DNS protocol, a detailed specification of the data structures and data communication exchanges used in the DNS, as part of the Internet protocol suite.
The Internet maintains two principal namespaces, the domain name hierarchy and the IP address spaces. The Domain Name System maintains the domain name hierarchy and provides translation services between it and the address spaces. Internet name servers and a protocolo de comunicación implement the Domain Name System. A DNS name server is a server that stores the DNS records for a domain; a DNS name server responds with answers to queries against its database.
The most common types of records stored in the DNS database are for start of authority (SOA), IP addresses (A y AAAA), SMTP mail exchangers (MX), name servers (NS), pointers for reverse DNS lookups (PTR), and domain name aliases (CNAME). Although not intended to be a general purpose database, DNS has been expanded over time to store records for other types of data for either automatic lookups, such as DNSSEC records, or for human queries such as responsible person (RP) records. As a general purpose database, the DNS has also been used in combating unsolicited email (spam) by storing a real-time blackhole list (RBL). The DNS database is traditionally stored in a structured text file, the zone file, but other database systems are common.
The Domain Name System originally used the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) as transport over IP. Reliability, security, and privacy concerns spawned the use of the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) as well as numerous other protocol developments.
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