Internet, una red mundial de sistemas informáticos interconectados, utiliza protocolos de comunicación estandarizados, predominantemente TCP/IP, para conectar dispositivos en todo el planeta. El término "Internet" tiene su origen en el término "internetted" de 1849 y fue adoptado posteriormente por el Departamento de Guerra de EE.UU. en 1945. Los inicios de Internet se remontan a los años 60, cuando los informáticos desarrollaron sistemas de tiempo compartido que acabaron desembocando en la creación de ARPANET en 1969. Internet funciona de forma autónoma, sin ningún control central, y la Corporación de Internet para la Asignación de Nombres y Números (ICANN) gestiona sus principales espacios de nombres. Ha revolucionado los métodos tradicionales de comunicación y ha experimentado un crecimiento exponencial, con un número de usuarios de Internet que crece entre 20% y 50% cada año. En 2019, más de la mitad de la población mundial utilizaba Internet. El Protocolo de Internet[1] compuesto por TCP/IP y cuatro capas conceptuales, dirige los paquetes de Internet a sus destinos. Servicios fundamentales como correo electrónico[2] y la telefonía por Internet funcionan en Internet. La World Wide Web, una extensa red de documentos interconectados, es un elemento crucial de Internet.
En Internet (o internet) is the global system of interconnected redes informáticas que utiliza el Conjunto de protocolos de Internet (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the interlinked hypertext documents and aplicaciones de la World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephonyy intercambio de archivos.
The origins of the Internet date back to research to enable time-sharing of computer resources and the development of packet switching in the 1960s. The set of rules (communication protocols) to enable internetworking on the Internet arose from research and development commissioned in the 1970s by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) of the United States Department of Defense in collaboration with universities and researchers across the Estados Unidos and in the Reino Unido y France. En ARPANET initially served as a backbone for the interconnection of regional academic and military networks in the United States to enable resource sharing. The funding of the National Science Foundation Network as a new backbone in the 1980s, as well as private funding for other commercial extensions, encouraged worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies and the merger of many networks using DARPA's Conjunto de protocolos de Internet. The linking of commercial networks and enterprises by the early 1990s, as well as the advent of the World Wide Web, marked the beginning of the transition to the modern Internet, and generated a sustained exponential growth as generations of institutional, personaly mobile ordenadores were connected to the network. Although the Internet was widely used by academia in the 1980s, the subsequent commercialization in the 1990s and beyond incorporated its services and technologies into virtually every aspect of modern life.
Most traditional communication media, including telephone, radio, television, paper mail, and newspapers, are reshaped, redefined, or even bypassed by the Internet, giving birth to new services such as email, Internet telephone, Televisión por Internet, online music, digital newspapers, and video streaming websites. Newspaper, book, and other print publishing have adapted to sitio web technology or have been reshaped into bloguear, web feeds, and online news aggregators. The Internet has enabled and accelerated new forms of personal interaction through mensajería instantánea, Internet forumsy servicios de redes sociales. Compras en línea has grown exponentially for major retailers, small businessesy entrepreneurs, as it enables firms to extend their "brick and mortar" presence to serve a larger market or even sell goods and services entirely online. De empresa a empresa y financial services on the Internet affect supply chains across entire industries.
The Internet has no single centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage; each constituent network sets its own policies. The overarching definitions of the two principal name spaces on the Internet, the Internet Protocol address (IP address) space and the Sistema de nombres de dominio (DNS), are directed by a maintainer organization, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols is an activity of the Grupo operativo de ingeniería de Internet (IETF), a non-profit organization of loosely affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by contributing technical expertise. In November 2006, the Internet was included on USA Today's list of the New Seven Wonders.
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